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天然抗生素!減少將來肺炎及敗血菌無藥可用的窘困

by AdminEditor 30 Apr 2024
文/郭姿均 Erica Kuo
最近報載很多藥物缺乏問題,我曾之前專欄談過藥草用於高血壓、血糖保健問題。事實上大地之母賜給我們的花花世界中,早在一百多前科學家就發現很多植物產生的精油即是天然的抗生素及抗徽菌藥物。
目前科學界已發現世界上有九千多種植物具藥用作用,其中有一千五百種有芳療價值,即有精油腺體,能夠萃取為精油做為芳療用途,而最常用的二百五十種芳療植物,一年的產值就有十二億美元。醫療界常有抗藥性問題,然而芳療植物因為每批生長環境如雨水、日照、海拔、土壤及氣溫等不同,產生的植物的化學成份就會不同,使用精油於細菌上較不會產生抗藥性菌株。
因為平均每種植物至少會有20-60種複雜的活性化學成份,所以細菌難以產生記憶效應,所以也不易有抗藥性菌株,近十多年來,我也很常使用精油於急性傷口及糖尿病足個案。
2014年歐洲藥典委委會第八版(The European Pharmacopoeia 8th Edition甚至將32植物精油列入藥品,因為百年來的傳統使用及臨床研究發現這些植物能夠用於抗菌、抗病毒、抒壓、皮膚治療等。裡面列舉常見具抗病菌及病毒的植物:茴香、肉桂、香茅、丁香、快樂鼠尾草、香菜籽、松樹、尤加利、杜松、茶樹、百里香、薄荷、迷迭香、真正薰衣草、檸檬、橙花、甜橘、德國洋甘菊、白千層、奧勒岡。
在我書中“無毒家事親手作”有提到2012年《Journal of Food Protection》期刊曾經刊登一篇研究報告,研究人員利用一種冷壓瓦倫西亞的柑橘精油進行體外實驗,以柑橘精油做成敷料,對人類表皮細胞上具抗藥性金黃色葡萄球菌株(MRSA)及對萬古黴素治療效果不佳的金黃色葡萄球菌(VISA)進行測試,結果顯示柑橘精油甚至可以殺死連醫師都頭痛、死亡率極高的細菌,這些細菌臨床上會造成敗血症,甚至死亡。
近來又有許多的世界各地被挖掘的植物都發現有抗菌的效果,例如玫瑰天竺葵及芳枸葉對於白色念珠菌有很好的治療效果,尤其是後者單一植物具有多種功能,其”一打三”結合茶樹、尤加利及馬努卡等特性,甚至我常用於更年期後婦女常見的感染情況,這款精油很溫和,不會刺激會陰部及口腔黏膜,我也用於嚴重的糖尿病足身上,患者省去截足的風險。
由於每種植物的化學成份不同,使用的劑量也不同,例如奧勒岡及百里香算是裡面最強效的植物,他們都含有高量的酚類化合物,但使用在皮膚上需注意用量,否則易有燒灼感,
因為精油的使用方式很多元,嗅聞、擴香、泡澡及局部等,涉及許多專業, 我建議詢求合格芳療師進行調配,舉例而言,全身按摩只有2%精油濃度,但如果是局部傷口或創傷,有時會在短暫急性期時會施予50%的濃度,所以這很涉及個案的實際情況,才能達到效果,且又不致過敏。
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