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慈濟月刊訪問創辦人藥草養生保健,艾草安全使用

by AdminEditor 25 Oct 2023

大地草木含藏生機,自然植物皆是良藥─
吃飯療治飢餓,使人健康飽足;
善用藥草特性,也能養生保健……

對著翠綠的「大愛神岡抹草園」,五、六十位臺中慈濟志工整齊地排成行列,恭敬地雙手合十,志工張淑娟代表發言:「抹草啊抹草,我們今天要來收成,很感恩你們膨膨大,讓我們大豐收,收成是要去救人用的,希望你們能發揮最大良能!」

新冠肺炎疫情期間,一些幾乎被遺忘的本土藥用植物,因具有提升免疫力功效而受到重視。花蓮慈濟醫院中西醫研發團隊於二○二○年十二月發表以八種臺灣本土中草藥製成的「淨斯本草飲」,與防疫物資送到四十多個國家地區。得知藥草原料短缺,全臺各地的慈濟志工迅即動員,開始種植艾草、抹草、紫蘇等中藥草,為防疫工作奉獻心力。

張淑娟說,二○二一年二月,臺中慈濟志工先是在一週內募集到五萬顆抹草種子,在兩位善心的神岡區地主提供的農地上,以自然農法成功種植兩萬株抹草,「以前只知道民間習俗認為抹草可以避邪除煞,或是放在澡盆水裏淨身除穢,現在知道它可以救人,內心更產生敬意!」

「志工種的藥草是聽著佛號、《心經》、靜思語長大的,相信草木皆有情,我們下田工作時,會問它們住得舒適嗎?口渴嗎?」慈濟志工林宗民說著師兄姊對這些藥草的疼惜。

傳統中醫智慧利益當代

「中藥具有調節免疫力的作用,在身體急性發炎時能產生抑制效果。」三義慈濟中醫醫院院長葉家舟說明:「雖然不似化學合成的西藥,一藥物一標靶,效果快速而強烈,但中草藥是自然小分子化合物,具有多器官、多標靶的功能,能讓急性發炎過程快速過渡到慢性發炎,避免免疫風暴對於組織的危害。」

葉家舟表示,上人以民間傳統用來清潔避疫的艾草、抹草,啟發花蓮慈濟醫院中西醫研發團隊進行中草藥的基礎研究;其他中草藥,也有相關研究與應用。

葉家舟以臺灣低海拔地區與平地常見的忍冬為例,即中藥材金銀花,它有「藥鋪小神仙」之稱,中醫臨床常用於清熱解毒。研究金銀花長達十五年的葉家舟說,金銀花可以刺激人體分泌間白素(IL10),阻止發炎風暴繼續蔓延;再者,能產生微小RNA2911,穿透腸璧在人體內作用,與新冠病毒、腸病毒、輪狀病毒的RNA接合,使病毒進入細胞後無法大量複製,阻止疾病的誘發;民間常用的艾草,也具有高劑量的微小RNA2911,同樣能降低發炎反應。

二○一五年獲得諾貝爾醫學獎的中國藥學家屠嗷嗷曾說,青蒿素是傳統中醫藥送給全世界的禮物,瘧疾從古至今仍是重要傳染性疾病,屠嗷嗷從晉代中醫藥古典文獻《肘後備急方》,找到關於青蒿抗瘧疾的記載:「青蒿一握,以水二升漬,絞取汁,盡服之。」因而率先發現從黃花蒿提取青蒿素,開創治療瘧疾的新方法。青蒿素取得容易,挽救無數貧窮國家人民性命。

自古即有藥食同源之說,部分藥材可做食材。葉家舟舉例,中藥材中,味甘平的百合常用來入菜,在呼吸道乾燥、心神不寧時幫助睡眠;治療頭暈的天麻,促進大腦血液循環,改善憂鬱症,可煮湯食用;黃菊清脾胃熱,白菊泄肺熱,二者皆能當茶飲。

在中醫觀點,疾病是人體正氣與病邪相互抗爭的過程,當有外來病氣入侵,並非用藥殺死病原,而是扶正祛邪,讓身體不適合病原滋長;而西醫的免疫學與中醫觀點,都把預防放在首位。

但葉家舟強調,製成科學中藥的中草藥畢竟是藥,須因應個人體質,不建議長期使用;如需長期使用,也必須遵從醫囑。

香藥草可應用在茶飲、烹飪、精油按摩等,掌握香藥草的修復能力,也能養出好體質。

大自然是一座天然藥櫃

在東方有中草藥,「現今西方歐美國家也有藥草學,概念就等同於華人的中藥。」具有英美兩國芳療師執照、美國註冊臨床藥草師郭姿均指出,古希臘羅馬帝國時期,就已經使用聖約翰草來舒緩緊張焦慮,用薰衣草泡澡,考古專家也發現古埃及人的香藥草配方。

「除了開刀跟拔牙以外,其他身體上的不適,都可以從香藥草獲得緩解或是輔助。」郭姿均表示,在臺灣就醫既方便又便宜,民眾生病時非常仰賴西藥;美國醫療費用昂貴,民間提倡預防醫學、自癒能力;將具有修復力的香藥草作為日常保健,減少不必要的用藥,也能降低藥物過敏的問題。

各種香藥草具有不同的天然療癒力,郭姿均舉例,常見的蒲公英,可以消水腫、淨化血液、強化肝腎淨化排毒;接骨木,可以有效緩解感冒症狀;而著名的園藝觀賞植物紫錐花,有「免疫力之王」稱號,新冠肺炎疫情期間,很多人以它作為增強免疫力的保健食品。郭姿均解釋說,紫錐花中的有效成分為「烷醯胺」,可以結合、活化免疫系統細胞上的CB2受體,但烷醯胺無法透過蒸餾萃取,所以使用紫錐花純露無助於免疫力提升,使用紫錐花最好的方式是泡成花草精、煮成濃茶才是運用的精髓。

西方藥草學也講究時節養生之道。「我們可以跟著季節來促進五臟的健康活絡,調養出好體質。」郭姿均在其所著《香藥草的自癒力》一書中指出,藥草學在春天重視排毒,調養肝臟,可以用蒲公英的嫩葉做成沙拉;夏天補氣,調養心臟與免疫系統,建議攝取紅色食物,例如洛神花、玫瑰果,來養心補氣;秋天潤肺,調養肺與呼吸道,代表性植物是香蜂草,能提高免疫力,預防冬季流感;冬天重視調和,調養腎臟與內分泌,能補足腎氣的蕁麻葉,可以拿來煮湯。

郭姿均特別提醒,精油、藥草方法是輔助療法,須依照個人的需求、身體特質,由專業藥草師來調配配方,並且使用合格認證的香藥草。她舉例,艾草當藥草或食品時,少量食用無妨,但因其有通經作用,懷孕及有子宮肌瘤者避免使用;而艾草萃取精油時濃度極高,曾有腦傷、巴金森氏症及癲癇等患者不可使用,以免導致抽筋、顫抖等反應。

大地草木充滿生機,懂得使用這門與時俱進的顯學,了解其特性適時融入生活,天地孕育的中草藥、香藥草,可以幫助身體用更自然的方式,防病於未然。

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