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打拋葉

by Erica Kuo 11 Oct 2023

/郭姿均

 

  這段時間因疫情關係,美國很多人避疫在家,減少外出購物次數,結果造成美國烘焙及後院種菜的風氣流行起來;很多從來不到後院的人,開始翻地整理菜圃。有個香料植物是美國人及華人都愛加入料理的,即九層塔,這裡多以是甜羅勒(Sweet Basil)來替代九層塔,因為二者味道相近,是市場熱門的種植香草,許多超市也有盆栽出售。

 

   日前有泰國網紅抗議,泰式知名快炒「打拋肉」 提香的香草不是九層塔,而是「打拋葉」,很多人嘩然,沒有聽過打拋葉,其實打拋葉就是聖羅勒(Holy Basil),雖然它的名稱有羅勒,但跟我們習慣用的九層塔或甜羅勒口味差異極大,以下分別介紹二種羅勒葉的用法,供大家在種植及購買時參考。

 

甜羅勒Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum):

羅勒的拉丁文源自希臘文「Basileus」,即King的意思,但羅勒在料理時,多半做為調味及提香,常做為調味的配角,在義大利麵、三杯雞及海鮮料理,加入幾葉,有畫龍點睛的效果,少了它卻覺得菜餚不夠完美,但其實它含有維他命A,C,抗氧化物,還有助視力、頭髮、心臟健康。它是引蜂植物,有助維持自然、環保環境的形成,不慎被蚊蟲叮咬時,可以就地葉子搗碎敷在局部。

性慾低落,可以用100g乾燥的羅勒葉與1000ml紅酒混合,存放一個月,過濾倒出,每天最多飲用1oz。

 

種植要點:羅勒習慣在全日曬及排水良好的土壤,如果你的土壤容易積水,最好在土裡加入珍珠石或絰石來增加排水性,澆水時不要澆葉子,而是直接澆在土壤中,羅勒算是一年生香草植物,無法挺過結霜的日子,但你可以在開花結籽後,在來春時,先在室內用椰子殼做成的育種盆來發芽,待最後的結霜日過了,地面氣溫有華氏70度,再植地種植,這種育種盆可以直接在土壤中分解,不用將弱弱的小苗挖出再植地種。

精油用途:精油可以強化自信及心理的能量,心靈較脆弱的人,拿不定主意的人,注意無法集中,或容易因為神經緊張,導致消化不良、胃食道逆流及潰瘍的人,可以使用以下配方。

2滴 羅勒精油

4滴 甜橘精油

2滴 苦橙葉精油

20ml 基底油(甜杏仁油)

混合上述成份後,在吃飯前取適量按摩腹部,回家後可以按摩全身

聖羅勒Holy Basil,Tulsi,二者都是它的俗名 (Ocimum tenuiflorum):

聖羅勒具有特別的氣味,在東南亞及印度使用較多,所以泰國網紅才會說他們的打拋飯是使用打拋葉,即聖羅勒。我五年前在美國第一次看過這個植物,當時覺得它的味道跟印第安人驅邪用的白色鼠尾草很像!它的香草帶有辛辣丁香氣味,在印度常用於肉類及海鮮料理。

聖羅勒在印度人的心中是神聖的藥草,因為它能輕微改善高血壓、抗微生物、排痰及解筋攣的效果。一般很常做為茶飲使用,我也在商店買過買過這個茶,但味道不是很大眾化,因為它有點丁香及薑黃味,它在印度藥草學使用較多,用於上呼吸道感染及輔助糖尿病患者的血糖,對於拉肚子也有止瀉的功能,也能解除輕度的疲勞乏力,但不建議在懷孕時間大量使用這個香草植物。

種植要點:它可以算是經年生的植物,但如果你居住的地方在冬天會下雪,最好種植在盆子裡,冬天移至室內的窗邊。它對土壤營養度的要求沒有很高,也不一定要全日照,可以耐陰,水份只要適度即可。

精油用途:用於呼吸道感染及支氣管炎,研究顯示它的精油跟奧勒岡及新薰衣草精油,發現均有可以抑制血小板凝集作用,防止血栓,如果有使用抗凝血劑的人要注意用量,但一般人少量的使用不內服是很安全的保養心臟方式!它含有70%的Eugenol,所以味道很像丁香!懷孕及授乳者不合適使用。

可以用以下配方做為空氣淨化及幫助呼吸道暢通

聖羅勒5ml

馬鬱蘭10ml

西北雪松 5ml

葡萄柚 5ml

混合好所有精油,使用3-5滴至擴香設備中,薰香30分鐘。

 

 

 Er

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